Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement: A Synthesis on Nutrient Reduction from Agricultural Effluents

Abstract. Excess nutrients from agricultural settings contribute to surface water and groundwater impairment. Constructed wetlands have been widely used for quality protection in various systems. We a synthesis approach document the performance of constructed nutrient removal range landscapes geographic regions with following objectives: (1) review current use applications, (2) summarize efficiency wetlands, (3) identify usage costs associated wetlands. reviewed over 130 publications reports characterize types effluents: cropland subsurface drainage, wastewater livestock production, greenhouse, aquaculture, hydroponic Data studies indicate that are efficient protecting production settings. However, differences wetland characteristics reported by suggest standards needed ensure goals met based on design. Researchers should consider including basic parameters published reports, influent effluent concentrations, hydraulic retention time, loading rate, watershed treatment ratios, plant species relative cover. Future explore cost-benefit analyses assess feasibility potential promotion incentive programs nonpoint-source pollution using these systems Keywords: Agricultural wastewater, quality, Aquaculture, Cropland runoff, Greenhouse, Hydroponic, Livestock, Review, Subsurface, Treatment wetland.